碳酸氢钠

溶于水，几乎不溶于乙醇，约在50℃失去二氧化碳，热在100℃全部变为碳酸钠。在弱酸中迅速分解，其水溶液在20℃时开始分解出二氧化碳和碳酸钠，到沸点时全部分解。25℃时溶于10份水，约18℃时溶于12份水，其冷水制成的没有搅动的溶液，对酚酞试纸鲜配制的0.1mol/L水溶液pH值8.3。低毒，半数致死量(大鼠，经口)4420mg/kg。

碳酸氢钠在细胞培养应用中被广泛用作一种生理性缓冲液。 碳酸氢根<->碳酸的pKa是6.4 碳酸氢根<->碳酸盐的pKs是10.3。 碳酸氢钠具有两个pKa，6.4和10.3。 它在体外应用中被广泛用作一种生理性缓冲液。
应用
碳酸氢钠已用于：
作为体外熟化、受精和培养（IVMFC）过程中牛胚胎培养系统的一种成分
作为牛微血管内皮细胞培养过程中Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s培养基和Ham′s 营养混合物F-121:1混合物中的一种成分
作为从人胚胎干细胞中进行多巴胺神经元分离过程中使用的ITS（胰岛素转铁蛋白和亚硒酸盐）培养基中的一种成分
作为用于人胚肾细胞的细胞培养基中的一种成分
作为用于稀释精液的Beltsville解冻溶液中的一种成分

Sodium bicarbonate is a commonly used laboratory chemical. The compound can react with both acids and bases, therefore it can be used as a neutralizer. When reacting with bases the compound forms carbonates. Sodium bicarbonate may be used to remove or wash acidic impurities from a crude liquid to yield a purer sample. Sodium bicarbonate reacts with the carboxyl groups to give a fast-forming and effervescent CO2 formation which has been used to test for the presence of carboxylic groups in proteins. Sodium bicarbonate has been observed to significantly decrease serum potassium levels as well as increase blood pH and bicarbonate concentration. The compound has been recorded to decrease the duration of peripheral nerve block in rats when when added to Lidocaine.
A commonly used laboratory pH neutralizer that reacts with acids and bases.